Expression cheat sheet

Essential JavaScript methods for using in your Cargo expressions

Cargo uses JavaScript expressions to manipulate data within workflows. This cheat sheet covers the most commonly used methods for working with strings, arrays, and data transformations.

All expressions must be wrapped in double curly brackets: {{ expression }}

Quick reference

Strings

Arrays

Utilities

---

String methods

split

Split a string by a delimiter to extract specific parts.

Example: Extract domain from email address

Input	nodes.start.email = "[e-mail]"
Output	"acme-corp.com"

{{ nodes.start.email.split("@")[1] }}

toLowerCase

Convert a string to lowercase for consistent formatting.

Example: Standardize company name

Input	nodes.start.companyName = "ACME Corporation"
Output	"acme corporation"

{{ nodes.start.companyName.toLowerCase() }}

toUpperCase

Convert a string to uppercase.

Example: Format country code

Input	nodes.start.country = "us"
Output	"US"

{{ nodes.start.country.toUpperCase() }}

trim

Remove whitespace from both ends of a string.

Example: Clean user input

Input	nodes.start.name = " John Smith "
Output	"John Smith"

{{ nodes.start.name.trim() }}

replace

Replace part of a string with another value.

Example: Anonymize email domain

Input	nodes.start.email = "[e-mail]"
Output	"john@[redacted].com"

{{ nodes.start.email.replace("competitor", "[redacted]") }}

Use replaceAll() to replace all occurrences, not just the first one.

---

Array methods

length

Count how many items are present in an array.

Example: Count the number of stakeholders found

Input	nodes.array = ["John Smith", "Sarah Johnson", "Mike Davis", "Lisa Chen"]
Output	4

{{ nodes.array.length }}

includes

Check if a value exists in an array.

Example: Check if the product is in an allowed list

Input	nodes.start.product = "posters"
Allowed	["posters", "calendars", "books", "cards"]
Output	true

{{ ["posters", "calendars", "books", "cards"].includes(nodes.start.product) }}

slice

Extract a portion of an array.

Example: Limit stakeholders to first 5

Input	nodes.apollo.stakeholders = ["John", "Sarah", "Mike", "Lisa", "David", "Emma", "Tom"]
Output	["John", "Sarah", "Mike", "Lisa", "David"]

{{ nodes.apollo.stakeholders.slice(0, 5) }}

slice(start, end) extracts elements from index start up to (but not including) end.

filter

Create a new array based on a condition.

Example: Filter case study URLs

Input	["https://example.com/case-studies/tech", "https://example.com/blog", "https://example.com/case-studies/finance"]
Output	["https://example.com/case-studies/tech", "https://example.com/case-studies/finance"]

{{ nodes.start.urls.filter((url) => url.includes("/case-studies/")) }}

join

Convert an array to a string with a delimiter.

Example: Convert countries to comma-separated string

Input	nodes.start.countries = ["US", "CA", "UK", "DE"]
Output	"US, CA, UK, DE"

{{ nodes.start.countries.join(", ") }}

map

Transform each element in an array.

Example: Add company data to stakeholders

Input

// nodes.apollo.stakeholders
[
  { "name": "John", "title": "CEO" },
  { "name": "Sarah", "title": "CTO" }
]

// nodes.start.domain = "acme.com"
// nodes.hubspot.companyId = "12345"

Output

[
  { "name": "John", "title": "CEO", "domain": "acme.com", "hubspotId": "12345" },
  { "name": "Sarah", "title": "CTO", "domain": "acme.com", "hubspotId": "12345" }
]

{{
  nodes.apollo.stakeholders.map((stakeholder) => ({
    ...stakeholder,
    domain: nodes.start.domain,
    hubspotId: nodes.hubspot.companyId,
  }))
}}

find

Return the first element that matches a condition.

Example: Find the CEO in a stakeholders list

Input	[{ "name": "John", "title": "CEO" }, { "name": "Sarah", "title": "CTO" }]
Output	{ "name": "John", "title": "CEO" }

{{ nodes.apollo.stakeholders.find((s) => s.title === "CEO") }}

Returns undefined if no element matches. Use optional chaining (?.) to safely access properties.

concat

Merge two arrays together.

Example: Combine prospect lists

Input	nodes.start.countries1 = ["US", "CA"] and nodes.start.countries2 = ["UK", "DE"]
Output	["US", "CA", "UK", "DE"]

{{ nodes.start.countries1.concat(nodes.start.countries2) }}

---

Date and time

new Date()

Create a timestamp.

Example: Get current timestamp

Output	"2024-01-15T10:30:45.123Z"

{{ new Date() }}

toLocaleDateString()

Format date in localized format.

Example: Format current date

Output	"1/15/2024"

{{ new Date().toLocaleDateString() }}

Pass a locale string for different formats: toLocaleDateString('en-GB') returns "15/01/2024"

---

Mathematical operations

Basic arithmetic

Perform calculations on numbers.

Example: Calculate win rate

Input	nodes.start.wins = 15, nodes.start.total = 50
Output	30

// Add to balance
{{ nodes.start.balance + 100 }}

// Calculate percentage
{{ (nodes.start.wins / nodes.start.total) * 100 }}

Other common operations:

// Round to 2 decimal places
{{ Math.round(nodes.start.value * 100) / 100 }}

// Get the maximum value
{{ Math.max(nodes.start.a, nodes.start.b) }}

// Get the minimum value
{{ Math.min(nodes.start.a, nodes.start.b) }}

---

Common patterns

Conditional logic

Use ternary operators for simple conditions.

Example: Set priority based on score

Input	nodes.start.score = 85
Output	"High Priority"

{{ nodes.start.score > 80 ? "High Priority" : "Standard" }}

Nested conditions:

{{ nodes.start.score > 80 ? "High" : nodes.start.score > 50 ? "Medium" : "Low" }}

Object property access

Access nested properties using dot notation.

Example: Extract the city from a nested address

Input

// nodes.start
{
  "user": {
    "address": {
      "city": "San Francisco"
    }
  }
}

Output

"San Francisco"

{{ nodes.start.user.address.city }}

Null checking

Safely access properties that might not exist using optional chaining.

Example: Get theme with default fallback

Input

// nodes.start
{
  "user": {
    "preferences": null
  }
}

Output

undefined  // (safe, no error thrown)

// Safely access optional property
{{ nodes.start.user?.preferences?.theme }}

// With default fallback
{{ nodes.start.user?.preferences?.theme ?? "default" }}

Without ?., accessing preferences.theme when preferences is null would throw an error.

Default values

Provide fallback values when data might be missing.

Example: Use a default name when none is provided

Input	nodes.start.name = undefined
Output	"Anonymous"

// Using nullish coalescing
{{ nodes.start.name ?? "Anonymous" }}

// Using logical OR (also catches empty strings)
{{ nodes.start.name || "Anonymous" }}

---

Tips & best practices

• Use autocomplete — Access the autocomplete feature while writing expressions by pressing / on your keyboard.
• Node connections matter — You cannot use a node’s outputs in an expression when the node isn’t connected to prior nodes in the execution logic.
• Zero-indexed arrays — Arrays in JavaScript are zero-indexed. The first element is at index 0, not 1.
• Chain methods — You can chain multiple methods together: {{ nodes.start.email.split('@')[1].toLowerCase() }}